CVE-2025-31161 Details
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
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Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-31161
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System): EPSS predicts the likelihood that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild. A higher percentage means a greater chance of an exploit occurring. The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%).
82.33 Probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days (99th percentile)
CVSS score for CVE-2025-31161
CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System): An open framework owned and managed by FIRST.Org, Inc. that assigns a numerical score from 0 to 10 to software vulnerabilities to indicate their severity.
9.8 Critical
Products affected by CVE-2025-31161
CrushFTP 11.2.3_23
CrushFTP 11.2.3_21
CrushFTP 11.2.3_8
CrushFTP 11.2.3_6
DVE Score by Bitsight AI
DVE scores complement traditional static scoring systems like CVSS with Bitsight AI powered real-time threat intelligence and underground cyber criminal activity so that security teams can reduce alert fatigue and focus on vulnerabilities most likely to be exploited.
Low
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CVE-2025-31161 Global Footprint

Top 10 Identified Countries

Country Observations Percentage
US 77 38.69%
ZA 14 7.04%
DE 12 6.03%
CA 12 6.03%
GB 11 5.53%
FR 10 5.03%
HK 7 3.52%
SG 5 2.51%
AT 5 2.51%
IE 5 2.51%

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CVE-2025-31161 Industry Footprint

Top 10 Identified Industries

*Service provider organizations (typically Technology and Telecommunications) are disproportionally represented in the results given their upstream ownership of end-user infrastructure. See our FAQs.

Industry* Observations Percentage
Technology 85 60.71%
Telecommunications 47 33.57%
Business Services 2 1.43%
Manufacturing 2 1.43%
Media/Entertainment 2 1.43%
Education 1 0.71%
Energy/Resources 1 0.71%

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