CVE-2025-69421 Details
Issue summary: Processing a malformed PKCS#12 file can trigger a NULL pointer
dereference in the PKCS12_item_decrypt_d2i_ex() function.

Impact summary: A NULL pointer dereference can trigger a crash which leads to
Denial of Service for an application processing PKCS#12 files.

The PKCS12_item_decrypt_d2i_ex() function does not check whether the oct
parameter is NULL before dereferencing it. When called from
PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata() with a malformed PKCS#12 file, this parameter can
be NULL, causing a crash. The vulnerability is limited to Denial of Service
and cannot be escalated to achieve code execution or memory disclosure.

Exploiting this issue requires an attacker to provide a malformed PKCS#12 file
to an application that processes it. For that reason the issue was assessed as
Low severity according to our Security Policy.

The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue,
as the PKCS#12 implementation is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

OpenSSL 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.0, 1.1.1 and 1.0.2 are vulnerable to this issue.
View at NVD
Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-69421
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System): EPSS predicts the likelihood that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild. A higher percentage means a greater chance of an exploit occurring. The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%).
0.06 Probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days (20th percentile)
CVSS score for CVE-2025-69421
CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System): An open framework owned and managed by FIRST.Org, Inc. that assigns a numerical score from 0 to 10 to software vulnerabilities to indicate their severity.
7.5 High
Products affected by CVE-2025-69421
OpenSSL 1.0.2p
OpenSSL 1.0.2q
OpenSSL 1.0.2r
OpenSSL 1.0.2s
OpenSSL 1.0.2t
DVE Score by Bitsight AI
DVE scores complement traditional static scoring systems like CVSS with Bitsight AI powered real-time threat intelligence and underground cyber criminal activity so that security teams can reduce alert fatigue and focus on vulnerabilities most likely to be exploited.
Low
More on DVE scores

CVE-2025-69421 Global Footprint

Top 10 Identified Countries

Country Observations Percentage
US 121,105 28.06%
JP 47,914 11.10%
DE 26,984 6.25%
IT 15,791 3.66%
FR 14,990 3.47%
NL 14,918 3.46%
IN 14,606 3.38%
KR 14,485 3.36%
CA 14,460 3.35%
CN 13,748 3.19%

Is CVE-2025-69421 part of your extended attack surface? Bitsight helps security leaders rapidly identify exposure and detect threats in order to prioritize, communicate, and mitigate risk.

View interactive product tours

CVE-2025-69421 Industry Footprint

Top 10 Identified Industries

*Service provider organizations (typically Technology and Telecommunications) are disproportionally represented in the results given their upstream ownership of end-user infrastructure. See our FAQs.

Industry* Observations Percentage
Technology 221,308 74.07%
Telecommunications 53,282 17.83%
Education 11,466 3.84%
Government/Politics 3,828 1.28%
Business Services 1,572 0.53%
Manufacturing 930 0.31%
Finance 825 0.28%
Utilities 700 0.23%
Transportation 630 0.21%
Healthcare/Wellness 570 0.19%

Bitsight Data Discovery and Continuous Threat Scanning

Bitsight, the leading provider in Cyber Risk Management, introduced the next-generation internet scanner Bitsight Groma in May 2024. This technology continuously scans the entire internet to discover assets, collect asset attribution evidence, and identify an ever-growing set of security observations, such as vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. Groma’s scanning activities presently encompass:


  • 40 million-plus monitored organizations
  • 250 million-plus host names
  • 4 billion-plus routable IPv4 and IPv6 addresses

Greynoise’s recent study testifies the speed of Bitsight Groma.

Learn more about Bitsight Groma
Bitsight data discovery
Governance charcoal background

How we use Bitsight Groma data 

Empower Security Research

Bitsight TRACE team investigates security incidents and identifies vulnerabilities and threats.

View latest security research 

See Your External Attack Surface

See what you’re up against across the expanding attack surface. Prioritize what matters most. And mitigate where you’re most vulnerable.

External Attack Surface Management

Bitsight ASA Report Image

Your attack surface is expanding—know exactly how it looks

Reducing exposure starts with knowing exactly how your external attack surface stands—from your overall standing to each digital and cloud asset around the world. Bitsight's custom report gives you the insights you need to see your entire external attack surface.

Get a free attack surface report